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脓毒症是宿主对感染反应失调引起的危及生命的器官功能障碍，重症患者病死率居高不下，多重耐药菌感染进一步限制现有干预手段。植物源性活性单体凭借多靶点调控特性，且短期动物模型未见明显急性毒副反应，已成为脓毒症辅助干预的热门研究方向。该文系统整理近5年相关基础研究，依据化学结构将主流活性单体分为多酚、萜类、生物碱三类，归纳三类物质差异化调控特征：三者均以核因子-κB（NF-κB）为共有抗炎靶点，但各有侧重；多酚可发挥抗氧化、抑制铁死亡作用，对肺、肾、心脏损伤均有保护效应；萜类可调控巨噬细胞极化，逆转细菌耐药，适用于脓毒症中后期免疫紊乱及耐药菌感染；生物碱优势在于改善血管内皮与心肌功能。纳米递送载体可在一定程度上改善天然产物水溶性不佳、组织靶向有限等药代缺陷，但现阶段相关研究多局限于基础动物实验，仍缺乏完善的人体临床数据与长期安全性评价支撑，制约其临床转化应用，构建标准化毒理评价体系、开发器官靶向纳米递送剂型，有望为植物源性天然产物的脓毒症辅助干预研究提供新的探索思路。
Abstract：Sepsis refers to life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection， with a high mortality rate among severe patients. Infections induced by multidrug-resistant bacteria further restrict available intervention approaches. Characterized by multi-target regulatory effects and no obvious acute toxic adverse reactions observed in short-term animal experiments， plant-derived active monomers have become a popular research direction for adjuvant intervention of sepsis. This review systematically sorts out relevant basic studies published in the past five years and classifies mainstream active monomers into three categories， namely polyphenols， terpenoids and alkaloids， according to their chemical structures. The differential regulatory characteristics of these three categories are summarized as follows: all of them share nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as a common anti-inflammatory target， yet with distinct emphases. Polyphenols exert antioxidant effects and inhibit ferroptosis， conferring protective effects against lung， renal and cardiac injury. Terpenoids can modulate macrophage polarization and reverse bacterial drug resistance， and are suitable for immune disturbance and drug-resistant bacterial infection in the middle-late stage of sepsis. Alkaloids show prominent advantages in improving vascular endothelial and myocardial functions. Nano-delivery carriers can partially ameliorate pharmacokinetic defects of natural products including poor water solubility and limited tissue targeting. Nevertheless， relevant current researches are mostly confined to preclinical animal experiments， lacking comprehensive human clinical data and long-term safety assessments， which hinders their clinical translation. Establishing a standardized toxicological evaluation system and developing organ-targeted nano-delivery formulations may provide novel research ideas for the study of plant-derived natural products in adjuvant sepsis intervention.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R459.7
引用信息:
[1]陈冬婷,王子健,刘晓丹,等.植物源性天然产物治疗脓毒症的最新研究进展[J].安徽医科大学学报().
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82560173）; 遵义医科大学珠海校区大学生创新训练项目（编号：ZHCX2024021)
2026-09-03
2026-09-03
2026-09-03