安徽医科大学学报

目的探讨喂养方式、母乳喂养持续时间与婴幼儿智力发育水平的关联,为促进母乳喂养及最佳持续时间提供科学依据。方法该研究是基于孕妇人群为基础的队列研究,选择马鞍山市妇幼保健机构作为研究现场。采用自编问卷收集喂养模式信息,使用《0～6岁小儿神经心理发育检查表》对婴幼儿进行智力测试,应用Logistic回归模型分析喂养方式及母乳喂养持续时间对婴幼儿智力发育的影响。结果调整了多种混杂因素后,与人工喂养(MF)相比,纯母乳喂养(EBF)可增加婴幼儿获得更高总发育商数(DQ)、大运动发育商数的可能性,几乎纯母乳喂养(AEBF)可增加婴幼儿获得更高精细动作发育商数的可能性。与从未母乳喂养相比,其他母乳喂养持续时间(DABF)达到5～6个月可增加婴幼儿获得更高的总发育商数的可能性,母乳喂养为主持续时间(DEABF)达到3～4个月及DABF达到3～4、5～6、>6个月时均可增加婴幼儿获得更高的精细动作发育商数的可能性,DEABF达到3～4个月及DABF>6个月时可增加婴幼儿获得更高的语言发育商数的可能性。结论选择母乳喂养及延长母乳喂养时间,尤其是母乳喂养时间达到5～6个月及以上时将有益于婴幼儿的智力发育。

Objective To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding practice and intelligence development of infants and provide research data to improve breastfeeding practice and further promote intelligence development.Methods A population-based birth cohort was established in Ma'anshan city of Anhui province as part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study(C-ABCS).Information about breastfeeding was obtained by using a questionnaire,the intelligence development of infants was measured by the neuropsychological development examination table for children aged 0⁶ years old.Binary logistic regression models were done to estimate the effects of breastfeeding patterns and duration on children's intelligence development.Results After adjusting for confounders,compared to infants of artificial feeding,infants breastfed exclusively were more likely to have higher level of development quotient and large motor development,infants of almost exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to have higher level of fine motor development.Compared to infants of never breastfeeding,infants of any breastfeeding for up to 5⁶ months had higher development quotient scores,infants of exclusive breastfeeding or almost exclusive breastfeeding for up to 3⁴ months and infants of any breastfeeding for up to 3⁴ months or longer had higher fine motor development scores,of almost exclusive breastfeeding for up to 3⁴ months and infants of any breastfeeding more than 6 months were more likely to have higher level of language development quotient.Conclusion Breastfed infants and prolonged duration of breastfeeding are associated with improved mental development,especially for the infants with the duration of almost exclusive breastfeeding for up to 5⁶ months.